The Church is the Fulfilment of Israel
God has only one covenant people; the Church. The church is the apex of God's plan (Ephesians 3:7-13). The church is not a "parenthesis" or Plan B as claimed by Dispensationalism. God has always intended to have one covenant people, the Church, which consists of both believing Jews and Gentiles. The entire narrative of Scripture points to this singular plan of the church as the continuation of God's promises of Israel, rather than the dispensational claim of distinction between Israel and the church.
Abrahamic Promise Fulfilled in Christ and the Church
God's covenant with Israel was always aimed at blessing the nations (Gen. 22.18). This promise finds its ultimate fulfilment in Christ, who is the true offspring of Abraham (Gal. 3:16), and in the church, which is united to Him (Eph. 5:29-30). The New Testament identifies believers as the true children of Abraham (Gal. 3:7). The church, consisting of both Jews & Gentiles who believe in Christ, is the "Israel of God" (Gal. 6:16). Believing Jews represent the faithful remnant saved through faith in Christ and added to the church (Romans 9:6-13; 11:23-32).
The Church Inherits Israel's Identity and Mission
Peter applies titles given to Israel directly to the church, showing the continuation of Israel through the church (1 Pet. 2:9; cf. Exod. 19:5-6). An objection is that God's promises to ethnic Israel are irrevocable (Rom. 11:29) however Paul explains that not all who are descended from Israel belong to Israel, and not all are children of Abraham because they are his offspring by the flesh (Rom. 9:6-8).
Paul describes the salvation of Israel in terms of being grafted back into their own olive tree through faith in Christ (Rom. 11:23-24). There is one olive tree, the people of God, into which both Jews and Gentiles are grafted.
Unity of God's Redemptive Plan
The dispensational claim that the church is a "parenthesis" or Plan B undermines God's plan as His eternal purpose is "to unite all things in Him" (Eph. 1:9-10). The mystery hidden for ages is now revealed: "the Gentiles are fellow heirs, members of the same body…" (Eph. 3:6). The dividing wall between Jew and Gentile has been broken down, creating "one new man" (Eph. 2:14-16), not two separate peoples.
The church is not a replacement of Israel, but fulfills the role intended for Israel. God only has one covenant people; believing Jews are incorporated along with Gentile into the body of Christ (Galatians 3:28-29; Ephesians 4:6). The earth Jerusalem, racial Israel, is fulfilled in the heavenly Jerusalem, the Church (Galatians 4:21-31).
"There is neither Jew nor Greek… for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's offspring, heirs according to promise" (Gal. 3:28-29). As Jesus is the True Israel & fulfilment of OT Prophecy the church is now the True Israel. Notably, Israel is not replaced by the church but rather there is now a unified people of God: repentant Jews and Gentiles joined through faith in Jesus, receiving Israel’s promises and calling as their own.
Sources
- Beale, G. K. (2011). A New Testament Biblical Theology: The Unfolding of the Old Testament in the New. Baker Academic.
- Explores how the New Testament reveals the church as the fulfilment of Israel.
- Wright, N. T. (2013). Paul and the Faithfulness of God. Fortress Press.
- Discusses Paul's understanding of the church as the redefined people of God.
- Gentry, P. J., & Wellum, S. J. (2012). Kingdom through Covenant: A Biblical-Theological Understanding of the Covenants. Crossway.
- Argues for the unity of God's covenant people and the fulfillment of Israel in the church.
- Horton, M. (2002). Covenant and Salvation: Union with Christ. Westminster John Knox Press.
- Examines the theological implications of union with Christ for understanding the church as Israel.
- Johnson, D. E. (2007). Him We Proclaim: Preaching Christ from All the Scriptures. P&R Publishing.
- Emphasises Christ as the fulfilment of Scripture and the church's role in God's redemptive plan.
Scriptures
13. Behold, my servant shall act wisely; he shall be high and lifted up, and shall be exalted.
14. As many were astonished at you - his appearance was so marred, beyond human semblance, and his form beyond that of the children of mankind -
15. so shall he sprinkle many nations. Kings shall shut their mouths because of him, for that which has not been told them they see, and that which they have not heard they understand.
- Who has believed what he has heard from us? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed?
- For he grew up before him like a young plant, and like a root out of dry ground; he had no form or majesty that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him.
- He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not.
- Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.
- But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed.
- All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned - every one - to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all.
- He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth.
- By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people?
- And they made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth.
- Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.
- Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities.
- Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.
- My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you so far from saving me, from the words of my groaning?
- O my God, I cry by day, but you do not answer, and by night, but I find no rest.
- Yet you are holy, enthroned on the praises of Israel.
- In you our fathers trusted; they trusted, and you delivered them.
- To you they cried and were rescued; in you they trusted and were not put to shame.
- But I am a worm and not a man, scorned by mankind and despised by the people.
- All who see me mock me; they make mouths at me; they wag their heads;
- "He trusts in the LORD; let him deliver him; let him rescue him, for he delights in him!"
- Yet you are he who took me from the womb; you made me trust you at my mother's breasts.
- On you was I cast from my birth, and from my mother's womb you have been my God.
- Be not far from me, for trouble is near, and there is none to help.
- Many bulls encompass me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me;
- they open wide their mouths at me, like a ravening and roaring lion.
- I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint; my heart is like wax; it is melted within my breast;
- my strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to my jaws; you lay me in the dust of death.
- For dogs encompass me; a company of evildoers encircles me; they have pierced my hands and feet -
- I can count all my bones - they stare and gloat over me;
- they divide my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots.
- But you, O LORD, do not be far off! O you my help, come quickly to my aid!
- Deliver my soul from the sword, my precious life from the power of the dog!
- Save me from the mouth of the lion! You have rescued me from the horns of the wild oxen!
- I will tell of your name to my brothers; in the midst of the congregation I will praise you:
- You who fear the LORD, praise him! All you offspring of Jacob, glorify him, and stand in awe of him, all you offspring of Israel!
- For he has not despised or abhorred the affliction of the afflicted, and he has not hidden his face from him, but has heard, when he cried to him.
- From you comes my praise in the great congregation; my vows I will perform before those who fear him.
- The afflicted shall eat and be satisfied; those who seek him shall praise the LORD! May your hearts live forever!
- All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to the LORD, and all the families of the nations shall worship before you.
- For kingship belongs to the LORD, and he rules over the nations.
- All the prosperous of the earth eat and worship; before him shall bow all who go down to the dust, even the one who could not keep himself alive.
- Posterity shall serve him; it shall be told of the Lord to the coming generation;
- they shall come and proclaim his righteousness to a people yet unborn, that he has done it.
3. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places,
4. even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him. In love
5. he predestined us for adoption to himself as sons through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will,
6. to the praise of his glorious grace, with which he has blessed us in the Beloved.
7. In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace,
8. which he lavished upon us, in all wisdom and insight
9. making known to us the mystery of his will, according to his purpose, which he set forth in Christ
10. as a plan for the fullness of time, to unite all things in him, things in heaven and things on earth.
11. Therefore remember that at one time you Gentiles in the flesh, called "the uncircumcision" by what is called the circumcision, which is made in the flesh by hands -
12. remember that you were at that time separated from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world.
13. But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ.
14. For he himself is our peace, who has made us both one and has broken down in his flesh the dividing wall of hostility
15. by abolishing the law of commandments expressed in ordinances, that he might create in himself one new man in place of the two, so making peace,
16. and might reconcile us both to God in one body through the cross, thereby killing the hostility.
17. And he came and preached peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near.
18. For through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father.
19. So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God,
20. built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone,
21. in whom the whole structure, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord.
22. In him you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God by the Spirit.
18. and in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice."
28. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.
29. And if you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's offspring, heirs according to promise.
6. This mystery is that the Gentiles are fellow heirs, members of the same body, and partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel.
6. one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.
21. Tell me, you who desire to be under the law, do you not listen to the law?
22. For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by a slave woman and one by a free woman.
23. But the son of the slave was born according to the flesh, while the son of the free woman was born through promise.
24. Now this may be interpreted allegorically: these women are two covenants. One is from Mount Sinai, bearing children for slavery; she is Hagar.
25. Now Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia; she corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children.
26. But the Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother.
27. For it is written, "Rejoice, O barren one who does not bear; break forth and cry aloud, you who are not in labor! For the children of the desolate one will be more than those of the one who has a husband."
28. Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise.
29. But just as at that time he who was born according to the flesh persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, so also it is now.
30. But what does the Scripture say? "Cast out the slave woman and her son, for the son of the slave woman shall not inherit with the son of the free woman."
31. So, brothers, we are not children of the slave but of the free woman.
6. But it is not as though the word of God has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel belong to Israel,
7. and not all are children of Abraham because they are his offspring, but "Through Isaac shall your offspring be named."
8. This means that it is not the children of the flesh who are the children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as offspring.
9. For this is what the promise said: "About this time next year I will return, and Sarah shall have a son."
10. And not only so, but also when Rebekah had conceived children by one man, our forefather Isaac,
11. though they were not yet born and had done nothing either good or bad - in order that God's purpose of election might continue, not because of works but because of him who calls -
12. she was told, "The older will serve the younger."
13. As it is written, "Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated."
23. And even they, if they do not continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God has the power to graft them in again.
24. For if you were cut from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these, the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree.
25. Lest you be wise in your own sight, I do not want you to be unaware of this mystery, brothers: a partial hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.
26. And in this way all Israel will be saved, as it is written, "The Deliverer will come from Zion, he will banish ungodliness from Jacob";
27. "and this will be my covenant with them when I take away their sins."
28. As regards the gospel, they are enemies for your sake. But as regards election, they are beloved for the sake of their forefathers.
29. For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.
30. For just as you were at one time disobedient to God but now have received mercy because of their disobedience,
31. so they too have now been disobedient in order that by the mercy shown to you they also may now receive mercy.
32. For God has consigned all to disobedience, that he may have mercy on all.
7. Of this gospel I was made a minister according to the gift of God's grace, which was given me by the working of his power.
8. To me, though I am the very least of all the saints, this grace was given, to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ,
9. and to bring to light for everyone what is the plan of the mystery hidden for ages in God, who created all things,
10. so that through the church the manifold wisdom of God might now be made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places.
11. This was according to the eternal purpose that he has realized in Christ Jesus our Lord,
12. in whom we have boldness and access with confidence through our faith in him.
13. So I ask you not to lose heart over what I am suffering for you, which is your glory.